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Programming functions
Reading time: 2minThis section describes core programming constructs used to build adaptive logic in LearningLemur. These commands support conditional execution, loops, random value generation, collection handling, and logical checks. They are useful for creating dynamic exercises and controlling how values and conditions are processed within a logical.
Tip: For practical examples showing how these programming functions are used in real exercises, see the Examples section.
Function Reference
belongs?
Description
Checks whether an element belongs to a list or vector.
Syntax
belongs?(Element, List | Vector)Returns
true if the element is in the list or vector; otherwise false.
constant_list
Description
Constructs a list by repeating the same element a specified number of times.
Syntax
constant_list(Integer, Element)Returns
A list containing the element x repeated n times.
else
Description
Defines the fallback branch of an if statement.
Returns
Executes the next block of code if the preceding if condition was not satisfied.
Notes
- This command must be preceded by an
ifstatement.
else_if
Description
Defines an additional conditional branch after an if statement.
Returns
Executes the next block of code if the preceding if condition was not satisfied and the current condition is true.
Notes
- This command must be preceded by an
ifstatement.
for
Description
Creates a loop that runs a block of code a specific number of times or over an iterator range.
Notes
- Use this command when the number of iterations is known or controlled by an iterator.
is?
Description
Checks whether an object belongs to a specified domain or type.
Syntax
is?(Object, Domain)Returns
true if the object is of type D; otherwise false.
length
Description
Returns the length or size of an object.
Syntax
length(List | Vector | Range | Rule)Returns
The number of elements or entries in the object.
list
Description
Converts a supported object into a list.
Syntax
list(Vector | Range | Permutation | Polygonal | Point | Frequency_sample_of)Returns
A list representation of the input object.
max
Description
Returns the maximum value among a set of real numbers or among the elements of a list, vector, or range.
Syntax
max(Real, ..., Real)
max(List | Vector | Range)Returns
The largest value in the provided inputs.
min
Description
Returns the minimum value among a set of real numbers or among the elements of a list, vector, or range.
Syntax
min(Real, ..., Real)
min(List | Vector | Range)Returns
The smallest value in the provided inputs.
null?
Description
Checks whether an object is null.
Syntax
null?(Object)Returns
true if the object is null; otherwise false.
prepend
Description
Adds an element to the beginning of a list or vector.
Syntax
prepend(List | Vector, Element)Returns
A list or vector with the new element inserted at the beginning.
random
Description
Generates a random integer or real number within a specified interval.
Syntax
random(Integer)
random(Real)
random(Integer, Integer)
random(Real, Real)Returns
With one integer n, returns a random integer in [0,n) if n > 0, or in (n,0] if n < 0.
With one real x, returns a random real in [0,x) if x > 0, or in (x,0] if x < 0.
With two integers a and b, returns a random integer in [a,b].
With two reals a and b, returns a random real in [a,b].
repeat
Description
Repeatedly executes the next block of code until a condition becomes true.
Notes
- Use this command when the stopping condition is checked after repeated execution.
sort
Description
Sorts a list, range, or vector in ascending order.
Returns
A sorted version of the input collection.
subset?
Description
Checks whether one list or vector is a subset of another.
Syntax
subset?(List | Vector, List | Vector)Returns
true if A is a subset of B; otherwise false.
where
Description
Specifies a condition that must be satisfied.
Notes
- This command works together with
in.
while
Description
Executes the next block of code while a condition remains true.
Notes
- This is the standard looping construct for condition-controlled repetition.
with
Description
Specifies the range of an iterator.
Notes
- This command is commonly used together with iteration constructs such as
for.